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Clinical Profile and Induction Outcome in Adult and Pediatric Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia

DOI : https://doi.org/10.36349/easms.2021.v04i05.001
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Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL) is a curable malignancy, but it carries a high early mortality rate of around 10-20% in various studies. As data from India regarding APL is scarce, we have undertaken a single centre study on the mortality and induction morbidities on patients with APL. This was a descriptive study conducted in a tertiary cancer centre on all adult and pediatric patients with confirmed APL from May 2018 to May 2019. Patients were treated as per protocol with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) along with arsenic trioxide in low risk and daunorubicin in high risk patients. A total of 57 patients were included, of which 51 patients were adults and six were pediatric patients. Among these, 26 adults and 4 children were high risk and 25 adults and 2 children were low risk APL. The median age of the adult patients was 29 years. The most common presenting complaint was fever (n=50) and bleeding manifestation (n=41). Six patients had intracranial hemorrhage at presentation. The median hemoglobin, total count and platelet count were 7g/dL, 14000/cmm and 20000/cmm respectively. The overall CR rate is 56.5%, with a median time to remission of 40 days (IQR 33 – 45 days). The median EFS is 18 days (IQR 9 – 39 days). The overall mortality rate is 43%, with 35% deaths in first week due to intracranial hemorrhage. The outcome of APL when compared to literature is very poor and further studies on how to improve outcomes are the need of the hour.

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Dr. Afroza Begum

Lecturer, Dept. of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Shaheed Monsur Ali Medical College & Hospital, Uttara, Dhaka-1230, Bangladesh

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