Background: Lung cancer has been the most common cancer in the world for several decades, and by 2008, there were an estimated 1.61 million new cases, representing 12.7% of all new cancers. Lung cancer is considered as the leading cause of cancer death among both men and women. It is also one of the most common cancers in the world. The majority of lung cancers are related to smoking. Objective: This study was intended to identify thehistopathological types of lung cancer in relation to gender, age, and smoking habit in a sample of Bangladeshi patients. Patient and Methods: A retrospective study, included a total of 170 patients with histopathologically proved primary lung cancer were targeted by this study. All lung cancer cases diagnosed during a period of one year from January 2011 until December 2011 were retrospectively analyzed based on the data of the Dept. of Clinical Oncology, Enam Medical College & Hospital, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Results: There were 124 (72.9%) males and 46 (27.1%) females .The age of patients varied from 19 to 90 years and the mean age was 62.5 year. From the total number of cases 115 (67.6 %) patients were smokers while 55 (32.4 %) patients were nonsmokers. It was significant to find mean ages of each type of lung cancer are about the same (around 62 years) except younger (58.8 year) for large cell carcinoma. It was significant to find that most frequent type of primary lung cancer is squamous cell carcinoma (47.1%), followed by adenocarcinoma (30.0%), then by small cell carcinoma (20%), while large cell contributed to small proportions of the sample (2.9%). Lung cancer among male, was more often squamous cell carcinoma (53.2%). Adenocarcinoma represents the most common type of lung cancer among female (43.4%).Among smokers squamous cell carcinoma was the most common type (51.30%) of primary lung cancer while adenocarcinoma was commonly seen in nonsmokers (41.8%). Conclusion: Males are more liable to have lung cancer than females. ..