Abstract: Every society has the interest to preserve its cultural heritage for posterity. The xylophone which is one of the prominent instruments used to produce music in the Grassfields of Cameroon is an important heritage of this people. It is used in most traditional dances both sacred and profane. This instrument has undergone transformation and is still being transformed. Although the history of the xylophone is difficult to trace, it has evolved from simple bars made from special wood placed on bananas or plantain stems to complex, well carved bars and built in boxes and others on long wooden logs. The production and manipulation of this musical instrument was reserved for the nobility who had the prerogative to own masquerades “jujus.” This knowledge was usually transmitted from father to son(s) after so many years of apprenticeship. Today, the ownership of the juju is open to all and due to this reason; the sacredness of this invaluable object is slowly dying out. The production of xylophones is done with any available wood with many of them built to match changing times. This paper explores how the xylophone has evolved over time in the Grassfields of Cameroon and the significance of the xylophone in the culture of the Grassfielders. With information got from participation in traditional dances in which the xylophones are used and interviews with notables and juju owners, I found out that the production of xylophones used to be a part of most royal settings because demonstrated the political, social and religious organisation of Grassfields kingdoms. These xylophones gradually became a major musical instrument in some Christian churches.