Abstract: One of the factors affecting food production in Nigeria is the problem of Soil fertility which determines the crop output by the farmers. The farmers’ concept of soil fertility is closely linked to land productivity. However, the need for maximum crop production depends on effective soil classification and management practices. It is significant to state that the local farmers have developed local methods for soil classification, soil fertility techniques and management of soil in their locality. It is in consideration of the above that the study examined indigenous soil classification techniques, determined indigenous methods of soil management and examined indigenous soil fertility techniques being used by the farmers. The study adopted the use of multi-stage random sampling techniques to select One hundred forty-five [145] farmers from Ondo State. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used to obtain data for the study. The result of the study revealed that about 32 percent of the farmers had no formal education while majority (37.2 percent) were between 51-60 years practicing mixed cropping (89%) and mixed farming(9.6%). In the study the farmers also stated that the presence of Echinus Hispidus, Tridax specie, Eleusine indica on the farm land indicates that the soil is not fertile, while the presence of Eupatorium odoratum, talinum triangulare, Bernono spp and kalancheo spp are indications of fertile soil. The farmers also indicated the various local methods of identifying plants that is used for organic manure. Such methods include the use of taste, waxy nature of plant and leaf strength. In soil classification, it was also found out that soil colour and texture were the two basic determining factors used by farmers for classifying soil. The result of multiple regression analysis shows that 82.4% of variation in use of indigenous knowledge to classify and improve soil fertility was explained by level of ............