Abstract: Lowlands constitute major environment for rice cultivation in Kenya, but declining soil productivity has led to low poor quality yields. This study assessed soil and yield quality of rice in Mwea irrigation scheme. Surface 0-15cm soil was sampled for laboratory analysis. Rice straw and grain was collected and analysed for total nutrient. Results obtained for soil and plant was evaluated basing on nutrient guidelines for rice. Results indicated that soil pH was moderately high and salt concentration negligible (< 0.4 dS/m). Soil total carbon was moderately high while total nitrogen was low. Available phosphorus, sulphur and silica all exceeded deficiency level for rice. Exchangeable Ca2+ and Mg2+ dominated compared to exchangeable K+ and Na+; and as a result severe K+ deficiency because of cation imbalance existed. Among micronutrients, soil Fe, Mn and Cu were high while Zn was deficient. Grain yields were below optimum and plant analyses revealed deficiencies in straw total sulphur, K and Ca in some units. Grain samples showed deficiency in total Ca, Fe, K, Mg and S. Soil condition and nutrient concentrations affected nutrient accumulation in straw and grain. Appropriate soil management practices should be considered for improved quality and quantity of yields.