Abstract: The study assessed sustainability of maize-based production practices among small-scale maize farmers in Anambra State, Nigeria. Purposive and random sampling techniques were used to select 180 respondents used for the study while data were generated using questionnaires. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data generated. The study indicated that the existing sustainable maize-based production practices that can enhance maize production in the area were adequate fertilizer use (x ̅=4.13), pest and disease control (x ̅=3.84), planting of hybrid maize (x ̅=3.66), use of animal manure (x ̅=3.57), planting cover crop (x ̅=3.51) and early planting (x ̅=3.20). Also, the result shows that maize production in the study area is somewhat sustainable since the sustainability index of 51.0% was recorded which is little above average score. Finally, on the constraints militating against sustainability of maize production, the farmers observed that economic problems such as high labour cost (0.802), high cost of fertilizer (0.796), high price of quality seed (0.710), inadequate capital (0.645) and low cost of cob (0.582) posed the greatest threat to sustainability of maize production followed by natural factors such as erosion menace (0.643), incidence of pest and diseases (0.629), destruction of cobs by flood, drought and storms (0.625) and destruction of cobs by other animals (0.588); while social factors such as lack or no access to land (0.892) and poor infrastructure (0.642) were not left out. Based on the findings of the study, there is need for the Government, relevant non-governmental bodies and stakeholders to invest in the sustainability of maize production among small-scale farmers, in order to ensure steady supply of maize and it products at a cheaper price, by providing necessary and dependable assistants such as provision of subsidized inputs and low interest loans.