The main action of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the body is to disrupt the immune system by infecting CD4 T cells. This action has dramatic consequences, especially in women of childbearing age. To highlight this state of affairs, a study to evaluate and characterize possible changes in leukocyte and thrombocyte parameters in women of childbearing age in the city of Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire) was conducted. In fact, 180 women of childbearing age were recruited into a specialized centre for the management of HIV-positive (CIRBA) based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Blood samples were taken from each of these women to perform their serology and to measure the leukocyte and thrombocyte parameters. The results of these investigations showed that the average values of the thrombocytes in the infected women were altered contrary to the leukocyte parameters. In addition, HIV and antiretroviral therapy (ART) caused an alteration of all the parameters studied. Indeed, a significant difference was observed between them at the level of leukopenia (46.7% vs 30%), neutrophilia (8.3 % vs 1.7%), lymphopenia (20 % vs 3.3%) and low CD4 count (43,3% vs 13,3%), where the proportions were higher in women without ART treatment than in women receiving ARV therapy. This significant difference (p < 0.05) was also observed in lymphocytosis (11.7 % vs 36.7 %), thrombocytopenia (0% vs 3.3%) and elevated CD4 count (15% vs 33.3%). At that level, the proportions of elevated lymphocyte values, CD4 lymphocytes, and decreased thrombocyte values decreased in untreated women compared to women on treatment. This study found that non-pregnant women without antiretroviral therapy were most exposed to leukopenia, leukocytosis, neutrophilia, eosinophilia, lymphopenia, and thrombocytosis.