This survey aimed to characterize the breeds of zebus involved in the introduction of anthropophilic ticks from Cameroon to Gabon, to identify the tick species related the cattle imports, to compare the relative frequencies of these acarian, to determine the factors associated with the anthropophilic ticks introduction to Gabon and to propose a preventive treatment when cattle cross the border. 712 ticks were collected from 156 zebus between 5 to 6 years old imported from Cameroon to Gabon. Arthropods and cattle were characterized. Questionnaires were used in order to identify factors associated with the introduction of anthropophilic ticks to Gabon .The zebus Fulbe and Bororo were the breeds of cattle imported from Cameroon to Gabon. Amblyomma variegatum (92.7%), Hyalomma truncatum (6.7%) and Hyalomma impeltatum (0.6%) were the tick species associated with the cattle imports entering to Gabon. These arthropods are able to introduce to Gabon Rickettsia africae, Rickettsia aeschlimannii, the virus of Crimea- Congo hemorrhagic fever as well as the Dogbe virus that are a threat for public health. The lack of a veterinary control service at the border in Bitam and of governmental decision to create a veterinary control service; were respectively considered as health determinant and contributing factor associated to the introduction to Gabon of anthropopfhilic ticks