Introduction: Malaria is a major public health problem in developing countries. In 2018, according to the WHO, there were an estimated 228 million cases of malaria through worldwide with a death toll of 405,000. However, congenital malaria is a rare event in endemic areas thanks to the protection provided by maternal antibodies transmitted to the newborn. We report a case of severe anemic malaria diagnosed and treated in the neonatology unit of the Mali Hospital. Observation: He was a month and 20 day old infant born by scheduled cesarean section hospitalized for pallor and fever. The onset of the disease dates back to the 5th day of life marked by a fever and pallor motivating hospitalization first in their health center then at the CHU Gabriel Touré where he was treated with antibiotics associated with blood transfusions for neonatal infection without success. Faced with the persistence of the signs, he was referred to us for better care. The diagnosis of malaria was made by performing a malaria RDT which confirmed malaria due to P. falciparum. He was put on artesunate at a dose of 3 mg / kg / d IVD for 7 days with an oral relay with artemether 20 mg / lumefantrine 120 mg for 3 days which led to clinical and parasitological improvement. Conclusion: Congenital and neonatal malaria is rare in malaria-endemic countries. Its diagnosis should be considered before any recurrent febrile hemolysis during the neonatal period and confirmed by a rapid and / or thick diagnostic test.