Objective: To determine the epidemiological and histological aspects of primary malignant bone tumors in Cameroon. Materials and Methods: A descriptive retrospective study of patients with confirmed malignant primary bone tumors biopsy presented between January 2004 and December 2017 in all anatomo-pathological laboratories in Yaounde and Douala, which are the two biggest towns in Cameroon. Patients with multiple myeloma and lymphoma were excluded. Results: A total of 234 bone tumors were found. 56.41% (132 cases) of these tumors were benign tumor, 38.41% (90 cases) were malignant tumors and only 12 (5.11%) were metastases. The average age of the patients with malignant tumors was 27.95 ± 17. 93 years, with extremes of 5 and 80 years. Female was the most represented with 51.11% (46 cases), with a male-to-female sex ratio of 0.96. The site most affected by malignant bone tumors was the femur 33.3% (30 cases), the tibia 22.2% (20 cases). Osteosarcoma was the most common histological diagnosis (52 cases, 57.8%); followed by Ewing’s sarcoma (15 cases, 16.6%) and chondrosarcoma (11 cases, 12.2%), fibrosarcoma (5 cases, 5.6%), angiosarcoma (4 cases, 4.4%) and liposarcoma (3 cases, 3.3%). Conclusion: Primary malignant bone tumors occurred between first and second decade of life with male preponderance. Osteosarcoma was the most common malignant bone tumors, respectively. The femur and tibia was the preferred affected site. Keywords Malignant tumor, Bone, Cameroon