Objectives: to determine the epidemiological profile and the histopathological aspects linked to rectal cancers in Cameroon. Methods: We undertook a retrospective study for descriptive purposes covering a period of 13 years from January 2004 to December 2016 from the registers of all approved anatomical pathology laboratories in the country (Cameroon). Only histologically confirmed cases were included. The variables studied were frequency, age, sex, risk factors, location and histopathological type. Results: Anorectal cancers are the third malignant disease in terms of number of digestive patients with 331 cases observed, or 23.53% of cases, occurring in patients with an average age of 50.62 ± 17, 21 years, predominantly at 54.08% for the male sex. The histology was strongly marked at 70% by adenocarcinoma at the rectal level and at 52% by carcinoma at the anal level. Smoking, alcoholism,polyps, consumption of cold meats among others were found to be major risk factors in the majority of cases. Conclusion: Malignant anorectal pathologies occupy a significant place in our population. Men remain relatively the most affected population. The dominant histological type is adenocarcinoma on the rectal side and naked carcinoma on the anal level.