ABSTRACT
Abstract: A total of nine soil samples were collected at the depths of 0-10, 10-20 cm and 20-30cm respectively from oil polluted soils of Awoye and Osustech farm (Control). The soil samples were analyzed for physico-chemical and bacteriological properties that reflect soil nutrient content and fertility status in the laboratory using standard methods. The results of microbial flora in areas with and without oil spill shows little effect on the microbial populations of the soils studied. The average microbial population of the oil polluted soil was 9.9 x 103cfu/g, while that without oil-spill was 2.03 x 104cfu/g for bacteria count; average pH value in polluted soil was 5.28 while that of the control was 5.71; average electrical conductivity polluted soil samples was 78.53 while that of the control was 33.7 while moisture content levels of polluted soils was 18.5% and control 44.7%. Bacteriological analysis revealed the presence of bacteria species including; Micrococcus, Pseudomonas, Bacillus and Aerococcus. Statistical analysis of results through the Duncan Multiple range test showed significant differences for microbial populations, electrical conductivity and moisture content of oil polluted soil and the control area (unpolluted) with no significant difference in pH of both polluted and non- polluted soils. It is then concluded that oil spills on the soils of Awoye is detrimental to the microbial population of the soil as it alters negatively the physico-chemical properties of the soil thereby lowering its microbial load and also render the soil and water unfit to support life supporting activities of man.

ABSTRACT
Abstract: The paper examines the horse in the Bamenda Grassflieds by stating its roles in an attempt to educate and preserve the equine heritage history. This is to ensure that the developments that horses facilitated throughout history are recognized, embraced, and taught to future generations. The paper argues that beyond war and transport or quick displacement, horses in the Bamenda Grassfields were used for entertainment, ornamental and aesthetics functions. By doing so, the paper reinserts the horse into the broader historical narrative. Thus the idea of equine heritage history is tested in order to draw the Bamenda Grassfields history into the wider global dialogue equine historiographical issues. In order to achieve this, a triangulation of qualitative and quantitative research was used. Our findings revealed new perceptions on the role of horses in the region. These perceptions revealed that far from being instruments of war, horses were veritable actors of sports, entertainment and more. The organization of horse races and fantasia events in the region bear testimony to this. Besides horse races organized, horses staged public displays to decorate social events. Also, the horse impacted as they provided employment, created business enterprises and companies, developed the Bamenda Grassfields, added to its touristic potentials, and promoted unity and solidarity between Fulani and local inhabitants. On the flip side, it boosted prostitution, led to sporadic fights among spectators as they scrambled for vantage positions round the field. Cases of thievery and pick pocketing were also frequent.

ABSTRACT
Abstract: This study was carried out in lath house belong to Department /Horticulture and Landscape design /college of Agriculture and Forestry / University of Mosul for the period from (1 July 2019) to (1 December 2019), to determine the effect of foliar application of proline at (zero, 25, 50) mg.l-1 as well as treatment with Optimus plus fertilizer which was produce according to nano technology consist of (5% Nitrogen, 30% Amino acid, 3% Organic nitrogen) at (zero, 1) ml.l-1 sprayed on the vegetative growth and between sprinkle and the next 20 days, the last factor include three irrigation levels of watering at (100%, 50%, 25%) of filed capacity in growth of pelargonium graveolens L.. The experiment were analyzed statistically by using Factorial with in Split-Plot Design in randomized Complete Block Design with three replication and five plant per treatment, was used. Duncan test used to compare between means at 0.05 probability level. The irrigation level 25% of F.C caused significant decrease in the most of studded parameters. The difference in spraying with the amino acid proline caused a significant increase in the parameters of: number of branches, length of the longest root, proline content and volatile oil ratio. But spraying by nano fertilizer Optimus plus cause significantly increased the all growth, chemical and anatomic parameters.

ABSTRACT
Abstract: In this study, we analyzed the impact due to discharges of waste water from coffee washing stations on aquatic macro-invertebrates. Sampling has been made during coffee processing period and no coffee processing period. This study show that the macro-invertebrates increase during the coffee processing period and Hemiptera and Diptera individuals are most represented. There is variation of Hemiptera individuals which are less represented during coffee processing period but individuals increase during no coffee processing period. In opposite, Diptera individuals increase during coffee processing period than no coffee processing period. The study found that Diptera especially individuals belong to the chiromidae family are very abondunce during the coffee processing period. In the non-coffee processing period, we noticed that this taxon is less represented. These results show that individuals of the family of Chironomidae are bio-indicator of the pollution due to discharges of wastewater from coffee washing stations.